PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.